Rocks & Stones
Rocks are a collection of minerals that are created naturally and can be identified by their various minerals. Rocks are then classified according to their mineral type. There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. Stone masonry uses stone and mortar for the construction of foundations, floors, walls, arches and beams. All rock types can be found in different parts of Texas and will be highlighted in this article.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing unconsolidated matter found on the earth's surface. There are four major types of sedimentary rock:
- Clastic sedimentary rocks are small in size and formed from a larger rock being broken down
- Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when the minerals inside water are released, limestone is the most common type of chemical sedimentary rock
- Biochemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the shells and skeletons of water living organisms
- Coal is also known as "organic sedimentary rocks", it is formed from plant remains and is an important resource that is used for fuel
Here in Texas limestone is quarried and can be used for the building of homes, designing countertops, paving floors and when crushed it can be used to absorb pollutants. Limestone is composed of calcium carbonate crystals, historically limestone has been used for the construction of the structures by the Ancient Mayan to the Great Pyramid.
Igneous rocks are formed deep within the earth when hot magma or lava crystalizes. Basalt is the most common type of igneous rock that forms from lava flow which is what the ocean floor is composed of. In Texas Basalt is also known as "The Texas Black Star" which can be used for construction projects, road pavement purposes, also as a filter in drain fields, as well as, in the medical and automotive industries.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing sedimentary or igneous rocks have been exposed to high temperatures and pressure thereby changing its physical and chemical properties. Defining characteristics of metamorphic rocks include them no longer containing fossil but layers of crystals are present and they do not react to acids. Garnets are a form of metamorphic rock that can be found at the end of the Rocky Mountains and are a symbol of love and friendship. Although garnets are commonly used in jewelry, they can also be used as an abrasive for the cleaning of aluminum and fiberglass. With them being environmentally friendly garnets are great for blasting structures that reside on or near bodies of water where contamination has occurred.
