Science & Engineering Disciplines
Science-N-Tha-RealWorld Magazine Science & Engineering Disciplines
Science is the study and investigative observations of the world; it is comprised of the study of structures, functions and behaviors of the physical and natural world. Science has been studied since its inception by our ancient ancestors and will continue to be studied in an effort to create a better future.
- There are four major science disciplines that contain various branches that provide the foundation for the study of science as a whole. These four major disciplines are: Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences.
- These major science disciplines contain major branches that can be further subdivided into various additional aspects of science that can be both even further divided and categorized to be both studied and taught.
- Engineering is an aspect of science that requires that scientific principles be applied.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of matter, the study of the physical & chemical properties of substances, the combining of elemental substances to form new products, as well as, the conducting laboratory experiments to identify and classify chemical reaction types.
Major Branches of Chemistry include:
- Analytical Chemistry is the study and development of methods used for the analysis of various chemical reactions that occur
- Biochemistry is the study of how biology and chemistry work together in living organisms
- Organic Chemistry the study of carbon-carbon bonding
- Inorganic Chemistry the study of compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen
- Physical Chemistry is the study of how chemistry and physics work together during the two major chemical reactions endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions
Biology
Biology is a form of natural science, it is the study of a living organisms: origin and development, their cell types structures & functions, an organisms behaviors, as well as, the study of inheritance patterns.
These living organisms are composed of either eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells, meaning plants, humans and types of bacteria.Major Branches of Biology include:
- Anatomy & Physiology is the study of the physical structures of the human body and how those structures function within the organism
- Biochemistry is the study of how biology and chemistry work together in living organisms
- Cell & Molecular Biology studies the internal and external structures of various cells and how they operate within a of living organism
- Genetics is the study of inheritance traits that are encoded within the DNA to produce a physical characteristics
- Microbiology is the study of microbes such as algae, bacteria and fungi
Environmental Science
Environmental science is the combination of various science disciplines to study living and nonliving organisms and how affect/impact the environment physically, biologically and geologically.
Major Branches of Environmental Science include:
- Atmospheric sciences the study of the change in climate and how it affects the environment
- Ecology the study of living organisms and how the relate and respond to their environment
- Environmental chemistry studies the effects that chemicals have on biological organisms
- Geosciences links physical, chemical biological sciences together, it studies the Earths process as well as, its layers, plants, soil, rocks, water sources and our atmosphere
- Social sciences are composed of geography, anthropology, and sociology, together they study the relationship between humans and our environment
Astronomy
Astronomy is the study of the sun, moon, stars and other celestial bodies; as well as, the laws that govern them.
Major Branches of Astronomy include:- Astrophysics the study of the laws of physics in space and how they are applied
- Astrometry is the study of the mapping of celestial bodies
- Astrogeology is the study of rocks, terrain and materials in space
- Astrobiology is the search for life outside Earth
Engineering
Engineering is the application of the combination of science and technology to develop plans to design and build structures utilizing engines and machines; these structures include bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles and buildings.
Major Branches of Engineering include:
- Bioengineering is the engineering of biological systems that can serve a useful purpose
- Chemical engineering is the combining and application of biology, chemistry and engineering principles to study the operation and design of chemical plants as well as the development of methods that can be used to improve their production.
- Civil engineering is the designing and construction of public and private infrastructure that includes but are not limited to airports, roads, railways, water supply & treatment; as well as, bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings
- Electrical engineering is the study, designing and manufacturing of various electrical and electronic systems
- Mechanical engineering is the design and manufacturing of physical or mechanical systems
